The Phoenician trading city that became Rome's most dangerous rival and was completely destroyed — the paradigm case of the losers' civilization in Western historical memory, known almost entirely through the accounts of those who destroyed it.
We know almost everything about Carthage from its enemies. Rome destroyed it so thoroughly that it survived only in Roman memory — a civilization we understand primarily through the eyes of those who found it so threatening that they erased it from the earth. What is lost when the winners write the only history?